Differences in infant negative affectivity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This longitudinal study compared infant temperament rated at 3 months postpartum by 263 United-States-based women who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic and 72 who gave birth prior to the pandemic. All women completed questionnaires assessing perinatal mental health, social contact, and infant temperament. Mothers whose infants were born during the pandemic reported higher levels of infant negative affectivity as compared with mothers whose infants were born earlier (F(1, 324) = 18.28, p < .001), but did not differ in their ratings of surgency or effortful control. Maternal prenatal depressive symptoms, prenatal stress, and postpartum stress mediated differences in infant negative affectivity  between pandemic and pre-pandemic groups. Within the pandemic group, decreased postpartum social contact was associated with higher ratings of infant negative affectivity. These findings suggest that the pandemic has affected maternal perceptions of infant temperament, perinatal mental health, and social contact.

Este estudio longitudinal comparó el temperamento del infante evaluado a los tres meses después del parto por 263 mujeres con base en Estados Unidos, las cuales dieron a luz durante la pandemia del COVID-19 y 72 que dieron a luz antes de la pandemia. Todas las mujeres completaron cuestionarios para evaluar la salud mental perinatal, el contacto social y el temperamento del infante. Las madres cuyos infantes nacieron durante la pandemia reportaron más altos niveles de afectividad negativa del infante tal como se les comparó con madres cuyos infantes nacieron antes (F(1,324) = 18.28, p<.001), pero no difirieron en sus puntajes de rapidez y astucia o control esforzado. Los síntomas depresivos maternos mediaron la asociación entre la condición de pandemia y la afectividad negativa del infante. Dentro del grupo de pandemia, la baja en el contacto social posterior al parto fue asociada con más altos puntajes en la afectividad negativa del infante. Estos resultados proponen que la pandemia ha afectado las percepciones mentales de la salud mental y el contacto social del temperamento perinatal del infante.

Cette étude longitudinale a comparé le tempérament du nourrisson évalué à trois mois postpartum par 263 femmes basées aux Etats-Unis d'Amérique ayant donné naissance durant la pandémie du COVD-19 et 72 femmes ayant donné naissance avant la pandémie. Toutes les femmes ont rempli des questionnaires évaluant la santé mentale périnatale, le contact social et le tempérament du nourrisson. Les mères dont les nourrissons étaient nés durant la pandémie ont fait état de niveaux plus élevés d'affectivité négative du bébé comparées aux mères dont les bébés étaient nés avant (F(1 324) = 18,28, p <,001), mais n'ont pas divergé dans leurs évaluations du dynamisme ou du contrôle efficace. Les symptômes dépressifs maternels ont médiatisé le lien entre le statue pandémique et l'affectivité négative du nourrisson. Au sein du groupe pandémique le contact social postpartum décru était lié à des évaluations plus élevées de l'affectivité négative du nourrisson. Ces résultats suggèrent que la pandémie a affecté les perceptions maternelles du tempérament du bébé, la santé mentale périnatale et le contact social.

'Against everything that got you into the job': experiences of potentially morally injurious events among Canadian public safety personnel.

Background: Moral injury (MI) has become a research and organizational priority as frontline personnel have, both during and in the years preceding the COVID-19 pandemic, raised concerns about repeated expectations to make choices that transgress their deeply held morals, values, and beliefs. As awareness of MI grows, so, too, does attention on its presence and impacts in related occupations such as those in public safety, given that codes of conduct, morally and ethically complex decisions, and high-stakes situations are inherent features of such occupations.Objective: This paper shares the results of a study of the presence of potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) in the lived experiences of 38 public safety personnel (PSP) in Ontario, Canada.Method: Through qualitative interviews, this study explored the types of events PSP identify as PMIEs, how PSP make sense of these events, and the psychological, professional, and interpersonal impacts of these events. Thematic analysis supported the interpretation of PSP descriptions of events and experiences.Results: PMIEs do arise in the context of PSP work, namely during the performance of role-specific responsibilities, within the organizational climate, and because of inadequacies in the broader healthcare system. PMIEs are as such because they violate core beliefs commonly held by PSP and compromise their ability to act in accordance with the principles that motivate them in their work. PSP associate PMIEs, in combination with traumatic experiences and routine stress, with adverse psychological, professional and personal outcomes.Conclusion: The findings provide additional empirical evidence to the growing literature on MI in PSP, offering insight into the contextual dimensions that contribute to the sources and effects of PMIEs in diverse frontline populations as well as support for the continued application and exploration of MI in the PSP context.

The objective of this study was to understand the types of events that Canadian public safety personnel (PSP) experience as potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) as well as the impacts that they associate with these events.The findings illuminate that contextual dimensions are significant in the origin of PMIEs, which PSP experience in the completion of routine duties, because of the organizational culture, or as a result of issues in the broader healthcare system, which led to many negative consequences in their personal and professional lives.PMIEs reduced the trust PSP had in their leadership and the healthcare system to protect the public and themselves, were associated with feelings of anger, frustration, resignation, and helplessness, and connected to internal struggles marked by inner conflict and the erosion of self-concept.

Evaluating global interest in biodiversity and conservation.

The first target of the Convention for Biological Diversity (Aichi target 1) was to increase public awareness of the values of biodiversity and actions needed to conserve it-a key prerequisite for other conservation targets. Monitoring success in achieving this target at a global scale has been difficult; however, increased digitization of human life in recent decades has made it easier to measure people's interests at an unprecedented scale and allows for a more comprehensive evaluation of Aichi target 1 than previously attempted. We used Google search volume data for over a thousand search terms related to different aspects of biodiversity and conservation to evaluate global interest in biodiversity and its conservation. We also investigated the correlation of interest in biodiversity and conservation across countries to variables related to biodiversity, economy, demography, research, education, internet use, and presence of environmental organizations. From 2013 to 2020, global searches for biodiversity components increased, driven mostly by searches for charismatic fauna (59% of searches were for mammal species). Searches for conservation actions, driven mostly by searches for national parks, decreased since 2019, likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Economic inequality was negatively correlated with interest in biodiversity and conservation, whereas purchasing power was indirectly positively correlated with higher levels of education and research. Our results suggest partial success toward achieving Aichi target 1 in that interest in biodiversity increased widely, but not for conservation. We suggest that increased outreach and education efforts aimed at neglected aspects of biodiversity and conservation are still needed. Popular topics in biodiversity and conservation could be leveraged to increase awareness of other topics with attention to local socioeconomic contexts.

Evaluación del interés mundial en la biodiversidad y la conservación Resumen La primera meta del Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica (Meta 1 de Aichi) era aumentar la conciencia pública sobre los valores de la biodiversidad y las acciones necesarias para conservarla, un requisito previo clave para otras metas de conservación. Ha sido difícil monitorear el éxito en la obtención de esta meta a escala mundial; sin embargo, la creciente digitalización de la vida humana en las últimas décadas ha facilitado la medición de los intereses de la gente a una escala sin precedentes y permite una evaluación más exhaustiva de la Meta 1 de Aichi que la que se había intentado previamente. Utilizamos datos sobre el volumen de búsquedas en Google de más de mil términos relacionados con distintos aspectos de la biodiversidad y la conservación para evaluar el interés mundial en la biodiversidad y su conservación. También investigamos la correlación del interés por la biodiversidad y la conservación en los distintos países con variables relacionadas a la biodiversidad, la economía, la demografía, la investigación, la educación, el uso del internet y la presencia de organizaciones ambientalistas. Las búsquedas mundiales sobre los componentes de la biodiversidad aumentaron de 2013 a 2020, impulsadas sobre todo por búsquedas de especies carismática (el 59% de las búsquedas correspondían a especies de mamíferos). Las búsquedas de acciones de conservación, impulsadas principalmente por búsquedas de parques nacionales, han disminuido desde 2019, probablemente debido a la pandemia de COVID-19. La desigualdad económica se correlacionó negativamente con el interés en la biodiversidad y la conservación, mientras que el poder adquisitivo se correlacionó indirectamente de manera positiva con niveles más altos de educación e investigación. Nuestros resultados sugieren un éxito parcial en la obtención de la Meta 1 de Aichi en el sentido de que aumentó ampliamente el interés por la biodiversidad, pero no por la conservación. Sugerimos que se necesitan mayores esfuerzos de divulgación y educación dirigidos a aspectos desatendidos de la biodiversidad y la conservación. Los temas populares de biodiversidad y conservación podrían aprovecharse para aumentar la conciencia sobre otros temas si se presta atención a los contextos socioeconómicos locales.

Safe haven in adolescence: Improving parental reflective functioning and youth attachment and mental health with the Connecting and Reflecting Experience.

Attachment security provides a well-documented protective developmental function for children exposed to individual- and community-level trauma, yet the effectiveness of prevention and intervention efforts targeting attachment during adolescence has been relatively underexplored. The Connecting and Reflecting Experience (CARE) program is a transdiagnostic, bi-generational, group-based, mentalizing-focused parenting intervention developed to dismantle the intergenerational transmission of trauma and support secure attachment relationships across the developmental spectrum within an under-resourced community. This exploratory study evaluated outcomes among caregiver-adolescent dyads (N = 32) in the CARE condition of a nonrandomized clinical trial at an outpatient mental health clinic within a diverse, urban U.S. community with disproportionate trauma exposure exacerbated by COVID-19. Caregivers predominantly identified as Black/African/African American (47%), Hispanic/Latina (38%), and/or White (19%). At pre- and post-intervention, caregivers completed questionnaires regarding parental mentalizing and their adolescents' psychosocial functioning. Adolescents completed scales regarding attachment and psychosocial functioning. Results showed a significant decrease in caregivers' prementalizing on the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, improvement in adolescent psychosocial functioning on the Youth Outcomes Questionnaire, and an increase in adolescents' reports of attachment security on the Security Scale. These preliminary findings suggest that mentalizing-focused parenting interventions may be effective in fostering improved attachment security and psychosocial functioning during adolescence.

La seguridad de la afectividad provee una bien documentada función protectora del desarrollo para niños expuestos al trauma individual y comunitario; aun así, la efectividad de los esfuerzos de prevención e intervención enfocados en la afectividad en la adolescencia ha sido relativamente poco explorada. El programa Conexión y Reflexión de la Experiencia (CARE) es una intervención de crianza transdiagnóstica, bigeneracional, con base en el grupo, enfocada en la mentalización, desarrollada para desarmar la transmisión intergeneracional de trauma y apoyar las relaciones de afectividad segura a lo largo del espectro del desarrollo dentro de una comunidad menos equipada con recursos. Este estudio exploratorio evaluó resultados entre díadas cuidador-adolescente (N = 32) bajo la condición CARE de un ensayo clínico no al azar en una clínica de salud mental ambulatoria dentro de una comunidad diversa y urbana en Estados Unidos, expuesta al trauma desproporcionadamente, lo cual fue exacerbado por COVID-19. A los cuidadores predominantemente se les identificó como negros/africanos/afroamericanos (47%), hispanos/latinas (38%), y/o blancos (19%). Antes y después de la intervención, los cuidadores completaron cuestionarios acerca de mentalización del progenitor y el funcionamiento sicosocial de sus adolescentes. Los adolescentes completaron escalas sobre la afectividad y el funcionamiento sicosocial. Los resultados mostraron una significativa disminución de la pre-mentalización en el Cuestionario del Funcionamiento con Reflexión del Progenitor, mejoras en el funcionamiento sicosocial de los adolescentes en el Cuestionario de Resultados de la Juventud, y un aumento en los reportes de los adolescentes sobre la seguridad de la afectividad en la Escala de Seguridad. Estos preliminares resultados sugieren que las intervenciones de crianza enfocadas en la mentalización pudieran ser efectivas para fomentar la mejorada seguridad de la afectividad y el funcionamiento sicosocial durante la adolescencia.

La sécurité de l'attachement offre une fonction protectrice au développement qui est bien prouvée pour les enfants exposés à un trauma individuel et communautaire. Cependant l'efficacité de la prévention et des efforts d'intervention ciblant l'attachement durant l'adolescence a été relativement peu exploré. Le programme de Connecting and Reflecting Experience (CARE, soit Expérience de Lien et de Réflexion) est une intervention de parentage transdiagnostique, bi-générationnel, basée sur un groupe, et ciblé sur la mentalisation développé afin de démonter la transmission intergénérationnelle du trauma et de soutenir des relations d'attachement sécure au travers du spectre développemental au soin d'une communauté manquant de moyens. Cette étude exploratoire a évalué les résultats chez des dyades personne prenant soin de l'adolescent-adolescent (N = 32) dans la condition CARE d'un essai clinique non-randomisé dans une clinique de santé mentale en consultation externe au soin d'une communauté américaine urbaine et diverse avec une exposition au trauma disproportionnée exacerbée par le COVID-19. Les personnes prenant soin des adolescents se sont en grande partie identifiés comme étant Noirs/Africains/Noir Américains (47%), Hispaniques/Latina (38%), et/ou Blanches (19%). Avant et après l'intervention les personnes prenant soin des adolescents ont rempli des questionnaires concernant la mentalisation parentale et le fonctionnement psychosocial de leurs adolescents. Les adolescents ont rempli des échelles concernant l'attachement et le fonctionnement psychosocial. Les résultats montrent une baisse importante de la pré-mentalisation des personnes prenant soin des adolescents concernant le Questionnaire de Fonctionnement de Réflexion Parental, une amélioration du fonctionnement psychosocial de l'adolescent au travers du Questionnaire des Résultats de Jeunesse (Youth Outcomes Questionnaire en anglais) et une augmentation dans les rapports de sécurité d'attachement faits par les adolescents au travers de l'échelle Security Scale. Ces résultats préliminaires suggèrent que les interventions de parentage focalisées sur la mentalisation peuvent être efficaces pour favoriser une sécurité de l'attachement améliorée et le fonctionnement psychosocial durant l'adolescence.

'Caring for the helpers': factors associated with professional quality of life among Hong Kong nurses during the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Western studies have found that nurses are likely to experience both positive and negative emotions in their job, as a helping profession [professional quality of life (ProQoL)] during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and that psychosocial and work-related variables (e.g. pandemic-related stressors, interpersonal and organizational support, coping strategies) are associated with such outcomes. However, relevant studies on nurses in the Asian context are limited. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the psychosocial correlates of three indicators of ProQoL, i.e. compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress (STS), and burnout, among nurses during the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. METHOD: Nurses in Hong Kong (N = 220) working in hospitals and community settings during the COVID-19 pandemic were recruited between 24 May and 27 June 2022 through nursing associations to complete an online survey measuring the aforementioned psychosocial variables. RESULTS: Hierarchical regression results found that stressors from clinical work environments, insufficient emotional support, and less positive reframing were associated with poorer ProQoL (i.e. lower compassion satisfaction; higher STS and burnout) (ß from 0.16, p > .05, to 0.44, p > .001). In addition, COVID-19-related worries/uncertainties and emotional processing were associated with higher STS (ß from 0.21 to 0.23, p < .01), whereas insufficient organizational support for communication with the healthcare system was associated with higher burnout (ß = 0.12, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings identified the important psychosocial determinants in ProQoL among nurses in Hong Kong and provide recommendations for services supporting the mental health of these nurses. Providing workshops for nurses to train their skills in coping with COVID-19-related uncertainties, worries, and stressors from the clinical work environment, in using adaptive coping strategies (e.g. positive reframing), and in soliciting emotional support from important others could facilitate their ProQoL. Moreover, the provision of organizational support through timely and transparent communication with the healthcare system could reduce STS in nurses.

Stressors from clinical work environments, insufficient emotional support, and less positive reframing were associated with poorer professional quality of life among nurses in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic.COVID-19-related worries/uncertainties and emotional processing were associated with higher secondary traumatic stress.Insufficient organizational support for communication with the healthcare system was associated with higher burnout.

Plague God Image in the Clinic.

This paper selects four dreams before and during COVID-19 which constellated the Plague God image in Chinese culture. The author argues that this shows evidence that the origins of the modern psyche, although hidden, are preserved and living within the ancient anima mundi.

Cet article sélectionne quatre rêves produits avant et pendant la pandémie de COVID-19 et qui montrent la constellation de l'image divine de la peste dans la culture Chinoise. L'auteur soutient que ceci montre la preuve que les origines de la psyché moderne, bien que cachées, sont préservées et vivantes au sein de l'ancien anima mundi.

El presente artículo selecciona cuatro sueños antes y durante la pandemia del COVID-19 que constelan la imagen del dios de la peste en la cultura China. El autor argumenta que esto demuestra que los orígenes de la psique moderna, aunque ocultos, se conservan y viven dentro de la antigua anima mundi.

'Feeling disconnected' - risk factors for PGD and themes in grief counselling during the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed-method study.

Background: Due to its high death toll and measures to curb the pandemic, COVID-19 has affected grieving experiences and may contribute to risk factors for Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD). Persons at risk for PGD often seek support from grief counselling.Objective: To explore whether pandemic-associated risk factors have become more important topics in counselling in a mixed-method design.Method: German grief counsellors (n = 93) rated whether pre-defined risk factors had become more important in grief counselling and indicated additional important themes in an open format.Results: The counsellors indicated that all pre-defined risk factors had become more important, though differing significantly in their frequency. Most frequently endorsed risk factors were lack of social support, limited possibilities to accompany a dying loved one and absence of traditional grief rituals. Qualitative analysis identified three additional themes: the societal impact of the pandemic, its impact on bereavement support and health care, and a chance for personal growth.Conclusions: The pandemic has affected bereavement experiences and grief counselling. Counsellors should monitor grief processes and specific risk factors to provide the best possible care for bereaved people when needed.

Pandemic-associated risk factors for PGD have become more important topics in grief counselling during COVID-19.Risk factors include especially a lack of social support, limited possibility to accompany a dying significant other and absence of traditional grief rituals.Future research is needed to investigate whether monitoring and addressing these risk factors can improve bereavement care.

The Transformation of Chinese Cultural Images of the Plague through Chinese Characters, Legends and Folkways.

The human experience of survival from a plague is about distinguishing the sick from the healthy as quickly as possible, establishing a barrier to stop the infection, and protecting healthy people. Nevertheless, the various quarantine rules and the acceptance and compliance of the population are a kind of battle between policy implementers and the public. This paper tries to understand how Chinese cultural attitudes (Henderson, 1984) unconsciously influence the Chinese people to be most cooperative with the strict containment and quarantine measures to confront the COVID-19 pandemic. This article begins with the Chinese characters, exemplified by the four characters of disease and plague, to discuss how the pictograph nature and spatial structural way profoundly shaped the cultural mind. Then, through plague-related Chinese legends, stories and folklore, the paper sets out the Chinese cultural attitudes which are also manifested in the analogical associations between disease, plague and seasons, the balance of the five elements of the universe and ghosts, gods and the government bureaucrats in the Kingdom of the Heaven. All of these approaches are well in line with Jung's method of associative amplification as a way to locate the archetypal wisdom that assures survival.

L'expérience humaine de survivre à la peste est de distinguer les malades des personnes saines aussi vite que possible, d'établir une barrière pour stopper l'infection, de protéger les personnes saines. Cependant les diverses règles sur la quarantaine et l'acceptation et la soumission de la population sont une sorte de bataille entre les personnes qui mettent en œuvre les mesures et le public. Cet article tente de comprendre comment les attitudes culturelles Chinoises (Henderson 1984) ont influencé inconsciemment le peuple Chinois, le rendant plus coopératif en ce qui concerne le confinement strict et les mesures de quarantaine pour faire face à la pandémie de COVID-19. Cet article commence avec les caractères Chinois, illustrés par les quatre caractères de la maladie et la peste, pour discuter comment le pictogramme de la nature et la façon de structurer l'espace ont profondément modelé la pensée culturelle. Ensuite, à travers des légendes, des histoires et le folklore Chinois traitant de la peste, l'article cerne les attitudes culturelles Chinoises. Ces attitudes sont également repérables dans les analogies entre la maladie, la peste et les saisons, l'équilibre des cinq éléments de l'univers, les esprits, les dieux et les bureaucrates gouvernementaux dans le Royaume des Cieux. Toutes ces approches sont bien en accord avec la méthode d'amplification associative de Jung en tant que manière de situer la sagesse archétypale qui permet la survie.

La experiencia humana de sobrevivir a una plaga consiste en distinguir lo antes posible a los enfermos de los sanos, establecer una barrera para detener la infección y proteger a las personas sanas. Sin embargo, las diversas normas de cuarentena y la aceptación y el cumplimiento por parte de la población son una especie de batalla entre los responsables políticos y el público. Este artículo trata de entender cómo las actitudes culturales chinas (Henderson 1984) influyen inconscientemente en el pueblo chino para que sea más cooperativo con las estrictas medidas de contención y cuarentena para hacer frente a la pandemia de COVID-19. El presente artículo comienza con los caracteres chinos, ejemplificados por los cuatro caracteres de la enfermedad y la peste, para analizar cómo la naturaleza pictográfica y la forma estructural espacial moldearon profundamente la mente cultural. A continuación, a través de leyendas, cuentos y folclore chinos relacionados con la peste, el artículo expone las actitudes culturales chinas que también se manifiestan en las asociaciones analógicas entre la enfermedad, la peste y las estaciones, el equilibrio de los cinco elementos del universo, y los fantasmas, los dioses y los burócratas del gobierno en el Reino de los Cielos. Todos estos planteamientos se ajustan bien al método de Jung de amplificación asociativa como vía de acceso a la sabiduría arquetípica que asegura la supervivencia.

The Anima as an Archetype of Human Resilience in the Face of Calamity.

This paper will provide a theoretical basis for looking at a dream in the analysis of a client during a calamity. Finding the archetype of the anima is a way of responding to a crisis, in this case to the COVID-19 pandemic period. With all the basic instincts disrupted by a catastrophe, the emergence of the anima, as archetype of life, is there to remind us how to survive and recover. The anima archetype, often representing psychological resilience in ancient myths, shows up in dreams to guide human transformation from the struggle to survive trauma to the art of living a full life.

Cet article fournira un fondement théorique pour l'exploration d'un rêve dans l'analyse d'un client durant un désastre. Trouver l'archétype de l'anima est une manière de répondre à une crise, ici à la période de pandémie. Lorsque que tous les instincts fondamentaux sont perturbés par la catastrophe, l'émergence de l'anima en tant qu'archétype de la vie vient nous rappeler comment survivre et se remettre. L'archétype de l'anima, qui représente souvent la résilience psychologique dans les mythes anciens, apparait dans les rêves pour guider la transformation humaine dans la lutte pour survivre au traumatisme et pour aller vers l'art de vivre une vie pleine.

Este artículo ofrece una base teórica para observar un sueño en el análisis de un cliente durante una calamidad. Encontrar el arquetipo del ánima es una forma de responder a una crisis, en este caso al periodo pandémico. Con todos los instintos básicos perturbados por una catástrofe, la aparición del ánima como arquetipo de la vida está ahí para recordarnos cómo sobrevivir y recuperarnos. El arquetipo del ánima, que a menudo representa la resiliencia psicológica en los mitos antiguos, aparece en los sueños para guiar la transformación humana en la lucha por sobrevivir al trauma hacia el arte de vivir una vida plena.

Associations between trauma and substance use among healthcare workers and public safety personnel during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic: the mediating roles of dissociation and emotion dysregulation.

BACKGROUND: Given the highly stressful environment surrounding the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCW) and public safety personnel (PSP) are at an elevated risk for adverse psychological outcomes, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol/substance use problems. As such, the study aimed to identify associations between PTSD severity, related dissociation and emotion dysregulation symptoms, and alcohol/substance use problems among HCWs and PSP. METHODS: A subset of data (N = 498; HCWs = 299; PSP = 199) was extracted from a larger study examining psychological variables among Canadian HCWs and PSP during the pandemic. Structural equation modelling assessed associations between PTSD symptoms and alcohol/substance use-related problems with dissociation and emotion dysregulation as mediators. RESULTS: Among HCWs, dissociation fully mediated the relation between PTSD and alcohol-related problems (indirect effect ß = .133, p = .03) and emotion dysregulation partially mediated the relation between PTSD and substance-related problems (indirect effect ß = .151, p = .046). In PSP, emotion dysregulation fully mediated the relation between PTSD and alcohol-related problems (indirect effects ß = .184, p = .005). For substance-related problems among PSP, neither emotion dysregulation nor dissociation (ps >.05) had any effects. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study examining associations between PTSD severity and alcohol/substance use-related problems via mediating impacts of emotion dysregulation and dissociation among HCWs and PSP during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. These findings highlight dissociation and emotion dysregulation as important therapeutic targets for structured interventions aimed at reducing the burden of PTSD and/or SUD among Canadian HCWs or PSP suffering from the adverse mental health impacts of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Among healthcare workers, dissociation mediated relation between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity and alcohol-related problems and emotion dysregulation mediated relation between PTSD severity and substance-related problems.Among public safety personnel, emotion dysregulation mediated relation between PTSD severity and alcohol-related problems. Neither dissociation nor emotion dysregulation mediated relation between PTSD severity and substance-related problems.Results underscore dissociation and emotion dysregulation as potential key therapeutic targets for intervention for healthcare workers and public safety personnel struggling with PTSD and comorbid alcohol/substance use-related problems.

Characterizing the mental health and functioning of Canadian respiratory therapists during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Healthcare professionals (HCPs) appear to be at increased risk for negative psychological outcomes [e.g. depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), moral distress] and associated impacts on functioning throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. HCPs working on designated COVID-19 units may be further impacted than their colleagues not on these units given added demands of patient care and risk of contracting COVID-19. Little is known, however, about the mental health and functioning of specific professional groups beyond nurses and physicians, including respiratory therapists (RTs), over the course of the pandemic. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study was to characterize the mental health and functioning of Canadian RTs and compare profiles between RTs working on and off designated COVID-19 units.Methods: Canadian RTs completed an online survey between February and June 2021, including demographic information (e.g. age, sex, gender,) and measures of depression, anxiety, stress, PTSD, moral distress and functional impairment. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses and between-groups comparisons were conducted to characterize RTs and compare profiles between those on and off COVID-19 units.Results: Two hundred and eighteen (N = 218) RTs participated in this study. The estimated response rate was relatively low (6.2%) Approximately half of the sample endorsed clinically relevant symptoms of depression (52%), anxiety (51%) and stress (54%) and one in three (33%) screened positively for potential PTSD. All symptoms correlated positively with functional impairment (p's < .05). RTs working on COVID-19 units reported significantly greater patient-related moral distress compared to those not on these units (p < .05).Conclusion: Moral distress and symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and PTSD were prevalent among Canadian RTs and were associated with functional impacts. These results must be interpreted with caution given a low response rate, yet raise concern regarding the long-term impacts of pandemic service among RTs.

Research on RTs' mental health prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic is scant, especially in comparison to other HCPs.RTs in the present study reported experiencing moral distress and clinically significant symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD, with associated functional impairment.One in three RTs screened positive for likely PTSD on the PCL-5.There is a need to provide RTs with adequate mental health supports and to understand the long-term impacts of pandemic service among RTs.

EMDR for symptoms of depression, stress and burnout in health care workers exposed to COVID-19 (HARD): A study protocol for a trial within a cohort study.

Background: Stressful events during a pandemic are a major cause of serious health problems, such as burnout, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among health care workers (HCWs). During three years, HCWs, on the frontline to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, have been at an increased risk of high levels of stress, anxiety, depression, burnout and PTSD. Regarding potential psychological interventions, Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR) is a structured, strongly recommended therapy based on its well-known efficacy in reducing PTSD symptoms and anxiety.Objectives: This study, designed as a trial within a cohort (TwiC), aims to 1) estimate the prevalence of depression, burnout and PTSD in a sample of HCWs after experiencing the COVID-19 emergency (cohort part) and 2) assess the efficacy and acceptability of 'EMDR + usual care' for HCWs from the cohort who report significant psychological symptoms (trial part).Methods: The study, designed as a TwiC, consists of a prospective cohort study (n = 3000) with an embedded, pragmatic, randomized open-label superiority trial with two groups (n = 900). Participants included in the trial part are HCWs recruited for the cohort with significant symptoms on at least one psychological dimension (depression, burnout, PTSD) at baseline, 3 months or 6 months, determined by using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) scale, and PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5). The intervention consists of 12 separate EMDR sessions with a certified therapist. The control group receives usual care. The trial has three primary outcomes: changes in depression, burnout and PTSD scores from randomization to 6 months. All participants are followed up for 12 months.Conclusions: This study provides empirical evidence about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the mental health burden it places on HCWs and assesses the effectiveness of EMDR as a psychological intervention.Trial registration NCT04570202.

Health care workers are at increased risk of stress, anxiety, depression, burnout and PTSD following the COVID-19 pandemic.In this study, the effectiveness of EMDR in reducing depression, burnout and PTSD in health care workers exposed to COVID-19 is investigated.In this study, an original 'trial within a cohort' (TwiC) design that consists of a cohort study with an embedded pragmatic randomized trial is used.The study is fully web-based, including online screening, consent and assessments.

Parent and child adjustment dual trajectories at the beginning of the COVID-19 syndemic.

Children and their families have been significantly impacted by the unfolding of the COVID-19 syndemic. We sought to identify (1) groups of families with distinct profiles of joint trajectories of parental anxiety and child emotional distress and (2) protective and risk factors associated with these dual-trajectory profiles. A sample of 488 parents (65% White; 77% mothers) with 3- to 8-year-old children (MAge  = 5.04, SDAge  = 1.59) was followed from late March to early July in 2020. Survey data on parent (i.e., anxiety symptoms) and child (i.e., emotional distress) adjustment were collected at three time points. Using multivariate growth mixture modeling, we identified one group with low parental anxiety and child emotional distress (42.7%) and three other distinct groups with varying risk levels among parents and/or children. We also identified protective (e.g., positive parenting) and risk (e.g., child negative affect, negative parenting, perceived stress with racism) factors in predicting parent and child adjustment. It can be concluded that, overall, our sample (mostly middle- and high-socioeconomic status families) demonstrated family resilience amid COVID-19, consistent with prior disaster coping literature. At the same time, our findings also indicated the need to identify at-risk families and modifiable factors for post-disaster public health interventions.

Haitian and Haitian American experiences of racism and socioethnic discrimination in Miami-Dade county: At-risk and court-involved youth.

We examine how juvenile justice-involved youth of Haitian descent in Miami-Dade County cope with structural racism and its impact on their mental health. Drawing on longitudinal ethnography, psychosocial assessment data, and a family-based clinical intervention funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, this article explores youth narratives of discrimination prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We use critical race theory and theory of practice to understand youths' perceptions as racialized bodies and stigmatized selves, highlighting the experiences and perspectives of a particular black immigrant group, ethnic beings caught up in the everyday practices of racialization, sociocultural marginalization, and racism. We frame these experiences as a variation of the complex continuum of structural racism and racial domination in the US. These experiences have caused anger, fear, anxiety, chronic anticipatory distress, and hopelessness among youth of Haitian descent. We conclude with some recommendations for therapeutic support that encourages youth to process their experiences, promotes their development of a positive self-concept, and provides them with mind-body techniques to attenuate the physical impacts of discriminatory events. The clinical trial registration number for this study intervention is NCT03876171.

The Relationship between Short Video Flow, Addiction, Serendipity, and Achievement Motivation among Chinese Vocational School Students: The Post-Epidemic Era Context.

Since the COVID-19 outbreak, people have been spending more time in the online world because of restrictions on face-to-face communication due to epidemic prevention controls. This has also brought the issue of Internet addiction, including the overuse and negative effects of short videos, to the forefront of attention. Past research has found that Internet addiction has a negative impact on well-being. However, there is a special concept of positive emotion called "serendipity" (). Serendipity provides a small, fleeting but positive experience, yet it is often associated with negative perceptions from an outside perspective. However, the relationship between short video addiction and serendipity is not yet known. Based on this, a theoretical model was developed in the context of the I-PACE model. To understand the relationship between short video addiction and serendipity among college students, in this study, we conducted snowball sampling and distributed online questionnaires using the Wenjuanxing platform. The target population of the questionnaire distribution was vocational college students in China, of whom 985 valid study participants responded, yielding a valid return rate of 82.1%. Of the respondents, 410 (41.6%) were male and 575 (58.4%) were female. The results were as follows: a. short video flow had a positive relationship with serendipity, a negative relationship with achievement motivation, and a positive effect on short video addiction; b. short video addiction had a positive effect on serendipity and a negative effect on achievement motivation; and c. serendipity had a negative impact on achievement motivation. This shows that short video addiction, like other Internet addictions, can have a negative impact on students' learning.

Noninsulin-based antihyperglycemic medications in patients with diabetes and COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Patients with diabetes are more likely to suffer COVID-19 complications. Using noninsulin antihyperglycemic medications (AGMs) during COVID-19 infection has proved challenging. In this study, we evaluate different noninsulin AGMs in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane on 24 January 2022. We used the following keywords (COVID-19) AND (diabetes mellitus) AND (antihyperglycemic agent). The inclusion criteria were studies reporting one or more of the outcomes. We excluded non-English articles, case reports, and literature reviews. Study outcomes were mortality, hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. RESULTS: The use of metformin rather than other glucose-lowering medications was associated with statistically significant lower mortality (risk ratio [RR]: 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47, 0.77, p < .001). Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) use was associated with statistically significantly higher hospitalization risk (RR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.68, p < .001) and higher risk of ICU admissions and/or mechanical ventilation vs nonusers (RR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.48, p < .02). There was a statistically significant decrease in hospitalization for SGLT-2i users vs nonusers (RR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.84-0.95, p < .001). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) use was associated with a statistically significant decrease in mortality (RR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.42, 073, p < 0.001), ICU admission, and/or mechanical ventilation (RR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.69-0.89, p < .001), and hospitalization (RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.98, p = .04). CONCLUSIONS: AGM use was not associated with increased mortality. However, metformin and GLP-1RA use reduced mortality risk statistically significantly. DPP-4i use was associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of hospitalization and admission to the ICU.

Effects of mobile health interventions on health-related outcomes in older adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic condition that is associated with multiple comorbidities. Apart from pharmacological approaches, patient self-management remains the gold standard of care for diabetes. Improving patients' self-management among the elderly with mobile health (mHealth) interventions is critical, especially in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the extent of mHealth efficacy in managing T2DM in the older population remains unknown. Hence, the present review examined the effectiveness of mHealth interventions on cardiometabolic outcomes in older adults with T2DM. METHODS: A systematic search from the inception till May 31, 2021, in the MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed databases was conducted, and 16 randomized controlled trials were included in the analysis. RESULTS: The results showed significant benefits on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (mean difference -0.24%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.44, -0.05; p = 0.01), postprandial blood glucose (-2.91 mmol/L; 95% CI: -4.78, -1.03; p = 0.002), and triglycerides (-0.09 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.17, -0.02; p = 0.010), but not on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.06 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.14, 0.02; p = 0.170), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.05 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.03, 0.13; p = 0.220), and blood pressure (systolic blood pressure -0.82 mm Hg; 95% CI: -4.65, 3.00; p = 0.670; diastolic blood pressure -1.71 mmHg; 95% CI: -3.71, 0.29; p = 0.090). CONCLUSIONS: Among older adults with T2DM, mHealth interventions were associated with improved cardiometabolic outcomes versus usual care. Its efficacy can be improved in the future as the current stage of mHealth development is at its infancy. Addressing barriers such as technological frustrations may help strategize approaches to further increase the uptake and efficacy of mHealth interventions among older adults with T2DM.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus and SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric and adult patients - Data from the DPV network.

BACKGROUND: Data on patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections are sparse. This study aimed to investigate the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and T1DM. METHODS: Data from the Prospective Diabetes Follow-up (DPV) Registry were analyzed for diabetes patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Luxembourg during January 2020-June 2021, using Wilcoxon rank-sum and chi-square tests for continuous and dichotomous variables, adjusted for multiple testing. RESULTS: Data analysis of 1855 pediatric T1DM patients revealed no differences between asymptomatic/symptomatic infected and SARS-CoV-2 negative/positive patients regarding age, new-onset diabetes, diabetes duration, and body mass index. Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) rate were not elevated in SARS-CoV-2-positive vs. -negative patients. The COVID-19 manifestation index was 37.5% in individuals with known T1DM, but 57.1% in individuals with new-onset diabetes. 68.8% of positively tested patients were managed as outpatients/telemedically. Data analysis of 240 adult T1MD patients revealed no differences between positively and negatively tested patients except lower HbA1c. Of these patients, 83.3% had symptomatic infections; 35.7% of positively tested patients were hospitalized. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate low morbidity in SARS-CoV-2-infected pediatric T1DM patients. Most patients with known T1DM and SARS-CoV-2 infections could be managed as outpatients. However, SARS-CoV-2 infection was usually symptomatic if it coincided with new-onset diabetes. In adult patients, symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization were associated with age.

Novel chytrid pathogen variants and the global amphibian pet trade.

Global wildlife trade spreads emerging infectious diseases that threaten biodiversity. The amphibian chytrid pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has caused population declines and species extinctions worldwide except in Asia. Fire-bellied toads (Bombina orientalis), exported in large numbers from Asia, are tolerant of Bd and carry hypervirulent ancestral chytrid BdAsia-1 variants. We assayed the virulence of a new isolate of BdAsia-1 on the model Australasian frog host Litoria caerulea. Infected individuals (n = 15) all showed rapid disease progression culminating in death, whereas sham-inoculated individuals (n = 10) presented no clinical signs of disease and all survived (log rank test, χ2 = 15.6, df = 1, p < 0.0001). The virulence of the new isolate of BdAsia-1 is comparable to the one we assayed previously (χ2 = 0.0, df = 1, p = 0.91). Internationally traded wildlife, even when they appear healthy, can carry hypervirulent variants of pathogens. Once new pathogen variants escape into the environment, native species that have had no opportunity to evolve resistance to them may perish. Our study suggests that hypervirulent pathogens are being spread by the international pet trade. Notifiable wildlife diseases attributable to locally endemic pathogens often fail to generate conservation concern so are rarely subject to border surveillance or import controls. Because of the danger novel variants pose, national border control agencies need to implement disease screening and quarantine protocols to ensure the safety of their endemic fauna.

Variantes Patógenas Nuevas de Quitridios y el Mercado Mundial de Anfibios Mascota Resumen El mercado mundial de fauna dispersa enfermedades infecciosas emergentes que amenazan a la biodiversidad. El quitridio patógeno de anfibios Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) ha causado declinaciones poblacionales y la extinción de especies en todo el mundo excepto Asia. El sapo Bombina orientalis, exportado en grandes cantidades desde Asia, es tolerante al Bd y carga genéticamente las variantes ancestrales hipervirulentas de quitridio BdAsia-1. Analizamos la virulencia de una nueva cepa de BdAsia-1 con el modelo de la rana australo-asiática hospedera Litoria caerulea. Todos los individuos infectados (n = 15) mostraron una progresión acelerada de la enfermedad que culminaba con la muerte, mientras que los individuos con inoculación simulada (n = 10) no presentaron señales clínicas de la enfermedad y todos sobrevivieron (prueba log de rango, χ2 = 15.6, df = 1, p < 0.0001). La virulencia de la nueva cepa de BdAsia-1 es comparable a la que analizamos previamente (χ2 = 0.0, df = 1, p = 0.91). La fauna comercializada internacionalmente, incluso cuando parece estar saludable, puede portar variantes hipervirulentas de los patógenos. Una vez que un patógeno nuevo se introduce al ambiente, pueden perecer las especies nativas que no han tenido la oportunidad de evolucionar la resistencia a estos patógenos. Nuestro estudio sugiere que los patógenos hipervirulentos se están dispersando mediante el mercado internacional de mascotas. Con frecuencia las enfermedades silvestres notificables que pueden atribuirse a los patógenos endémicos no generan interés para la conservación, así que rara vez están sujetas a la vigilancia fronteriza o el control de importación. Debido al riesgo que representan las variantes nuevas, las agencias nacionales de control fronterizo necesitan implementar evaluaciones patológicas y protocolos de cuarentena para asegurar la seguridad de su fauna endémica.

Gestational diabetes mellitus in the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective study from Hangzhou, China.

AIMS: Our study aimed to investigate changes in the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the COVID-19 pandemic and postpandemic era and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women diagnosed with GDM during the blockade period. METHODS: First, we investigated changes in the prevalence of GDM and the population undergoing oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) after the COVID-19 pandemic. We then collected clinical information from pregnant women diagnosed with GDM to explore the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with GDM during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: After the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of pregnant women in the total number of outpatient OGTT tests decreased yearly. The ratio was 81.30%, 79.71%, and 75.48% from 2019 to 2021, respectively, with the highest proportion of pregnant women in February 2020 (92.03%). The prevalence of GDM was higher in March 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. However, from 2019 to 2021, the prevalence decreased year by year with 21.46%, 19.81%, and 18.48%, respectively. The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes for pregnant women diagnosed with GDM during the most severe period of the COVID-19 pandemic did not differ from before the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: After the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of GDM increased during the most severe period of the epidemic, but the overall prevalence of GDM decreased year by year. In addition, the pandemic did not change the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with GDM.